Characteristics of Appropriate Instruction Programs

Includes Orton-Gillingham Principles

  • Explicit instruction in phonological awareness
  • Ample repetition and practice to assure learning to mastery
  • Very small increments for adding new linguistic concepts
  • Direct systematic teaching of all aspects of the sounds of English
  • Multisensory
  • Cumulative, spiraling sequence
  • Teaches rules of English
  • Individually tailored
  • Integrated decoding and spelling

This instruction should proceed from spoken words to written words; from sounds in words (phoneme isolation) to letters that code the sounds.


The Tennessee Center for the Study and Treatment of Dyslexia supports efforts to provide individuals with dyslexia with appropriate instruction and to identify these individuals at an early age. The Center, however, does not endorse any specific program, speaker, product, or instructional material noting that there are a number of such which present the critical components of instruction, as defined by the Tennessee Center for the Study and Treatment of Dyslexia and the National Reading Panel.

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